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Budget
- Defined as quantified plan relating to a given period (monetary and other variables)
- Should be precise and clear
Different management styles with different behaviour aspects
- Budget constrained style
- Profit conscious style
- Non-accounting style
Management style | Performance evaluation | Behavioural aspects |
Budget-constrained style | Managers evaluate on their ability to achieve budget in the short term |
Job related pressures |
Managers will be criticised for poor outcomes. For example, expenditures exceeds the limit set |
May result in short-term decision making at the expense of long term gain | |
Can result in poor working relations with colleagues | ||
Can result in manipulation of data |
Management style | Performance evaluation | Behavioural aspects |
Profit conscious style | Managers evaluate on their ability to reduce costs and increase profit in the long term |
Less job related pressure |
For example, managers will be prepared to exceed the budgetary limit in the short term if this will result in an increase in long term profit |
Better working relations with colleagues | |
Less manipualtion of data |
Management style | Performance evaluation | Behavioural aspects |
Non-accounting style | Managers mainly evaluate on non-accounting performance indicators such as quality and customer satiscation |
Focus on their ability to increase and enhance the quality of business proceses and activities |
Less concern for accounting information | ||
For example, budget required by airline company to meet health and safety requirements, otherwise, the consequences will be terrible |
Budgetary information does not play a big part in evaluation |
|
Still require significant and strict monitoring of performance against budget |
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